Chinese Morphological Database

The CJK Dictionary Institute maintains a comprehensive lexical database of about three million Simplified and Traditional Chinese entries covering a broad spectrum of fields including proper nouns, technical terminology and general vocabulary. This is a sample of our Chinese Morphological Database, a comprehensive database of Chinese derivative affixes with adjacency attributes.

A derivational affix (DA) is a bound morpheme (though some also function as free forms) prefixed or suffixed to a base to create new words. In traditional morphology, DAs do not have lexical meanings of their own, and only add grammatical meanings. Here, we include "lexical affixes" -- compound-forming word elements that have a substantial lexical meaning of their own. Identifying DAs is very useful in NLP, IME and information retrieval applications as they significantly contribute to the accuracy of algorithmically identifying countless lexemes not registered in the lexicon.

An important principle in our criteria for selecting an affix is its ability to combine with a base consisting of two or more characters, as 迷 'fan' combining with 独轮车 'unicycle' to produce 独轮车迷 'unicycle fan'. If an affix combines with only single-character bases, it is excluded because of the danger of confusing it with two-character compounds in which it does not function as an affix, as in 入迷, or with a coincidental juxtaposition of a free form.

An adjacency attribute is a part of speech (POS) code that indicates the morphological restrictions that apply to adjacent words or DAs when these are actually used in the formation of compound words or affixed lexemes. Adjacency attributes help programs identify DAs with greater reliability, especially in systems that fully support POS-tagging. For more details, see japaffix.htm.

Adjacency Attribute Fields
Type	[A1]	productive derivational suffix -- always bound
	[A2]	Productive derivational suffix -- almost always bound
	[A3]	Productive derivational suffix -- sometimes bound
	[B1]	Historically productive derivational prefix -- always bound
	[B2]	Historically productive derivational prefix -- sometimes bound
POS	Part of speeech code. For details see chinpos.htm
Before	POS of lexeme or base preceding a suffix, e.g. "NC" for the suffix 迷 'fan' means that 迷 can be preceded by a common noun, as 独轮车 'unicycle', to produce 独轮车迷 'unicycle fan'.
After	POS of lexeme or base following a suffix, e.g. "NC" for the prefix 半 'semi-' means that 半 can follow a common noun, as 文盲 'illiterate', to produce 半文盲 'semiilliterate'.
Result	The POS of the lexeme resulting from affixing a prefix or suffix. For example, "NC" for 独轮车迷 'unicycle fan' means that 独轮车迷 is a common noun.

Data Sample

SC ID	SC Affix	TC Affix	POS Code	TYPE Code	Pinyin	Before	After	Result
S0007529A	县	縣	WS	A3	xian4	NP		NP
S0009543A	团	團	WS	A3	tuan2	NC V		NC
S0010532B	处	處	WS	A3	chu4	NC V		NC
S0010875Aa	头	頭	WS	A3	tou0	NC		NC
S0015201Ad	总	總	WP	A2	zong3		NC V	NC V
S0034279A	节	節	WS	A3	jie2	NC V NP		NC
S0047893A	镇	鎮	WS	A3	zhen4	NP		NP
S0061252Aa	炎	炎	WS	A2	yan2	NC		NC
S0064269A	化	化	WS	A3	hua4	NC V A D		NC V A
S0070103Ad	机	机	WS	A1	ji1	V NC A		NC
S0072424Ab	鬼	鬼	WS	A3	gui3	A NC V		NC
S0078485Aa	型	型	WS	A1	xing2	NC V A NP		NC
S0084233Ah	好	好	WP	A3	hao3		NC A	NC A
S0084666A	工	工	WS	A3	gong1	V NC		NC
S0098752Aa	者	者	WS	A2	zhe3	NC V A		NC
S0096010Ad	手	手	WS	A3	shou3	NC V		NC
S0101751Aa	所	所	WS	A2	suo3	NC V NA		NC
S0106449Ab	心	心	WS	A3	xin1	NC V A		NC
S0112789Ab	性	性	WS	A3	xing4	A NC V		NC
S0112870Ag	生	生	WS	A3	sheng1	NC V A		NC
S0123643A	族	族	WS	A3	zu2	NP NC V A		NC
S0121387Ah	多	多	WP	A3	duo1		NC	NC
S0119011A	大	大	WP	A3	da4		NC V	NC V A D
S0120518Ag	第	第	WP	A1	di4		NN	NC
S0128279Ad	超	超	WP	A3	chao1		NC A	NC A D
S0138060A	派	派	WS	A3	pai4	NP NC A V		A NC
S0142229Af	半	半	WP	A2	ban4		NC V A	NC V A
S0142513Ad	反	反	WP	A3	fan3		NC A V	NC V A
S0143043A	犯	犯	WS	A2	fan4	V NC A		NC
S0141475Ad	微	微	WP	A1	wei1		NC NM V	NC
S0144731Ae	品	品	WS	A3	pin3	V NC A		NC
S0148106A	部	部	WS	A3	bu4	NC V		NC
S0148384Ae	副	副	WP	A2	fu4		NC	NC
S0157840A	迷	迷	WS	A3	mi2	NC V		NC
S0164882Aa	率	率	WS	A2	lv4	V NC A		NC
S0165711Af	老	老	WP	A3	lao3		NC A V	NC

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Chinese Morphological Database

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